Chavin Stone Mace Head w/ Spiky Nodules

Pre-Columbian, North Coast Peru, Chavin, ca. 900 to 500 BCE. A nicely preserved stone mace head made from a dense, dark gray stone. The conical weapon has a central socketing hole that runs through the body and its surface is studded with regularly-spaced spiky nodules. Interestingly, the Chavin culture does not seem to have been warlike, and their cultural expansion across the landscape was not violent - at least as far as archaeologists can find - until the very end of the period, when maces like this suddenly become evident. Size: 3.95" W x 4.95" H (10 cm x 12.6 cm)

Provenance: private southwestern Pennsylvania, USA collection, acquired prior to 2000

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#156295
Condition Report: Professionally restored from two halves. This is very well done and difficult to see. Wear on surface commensurate with age, including some chips, nicks, and scratches.