Josef Chelmonski (1849 - 1914) Poland

Josef Chelmonski (1849 - 1914) Poland
Oil on Canvas
Measure 15 1/2"in H x 12"in W and 24"in H x 21"in W with frame

Known for: Symbolic landscape and romanticized peasant genre painting
Name variants: Jozef Chelmonski

Biography: Polish painter and illustrator active in Munich, Paris, and Warsaw, leading representative of realism, Josef Chelmonski was born in 1849 in Boczki near Lowicz and died 1914 in Kuklówka near Grodzisk Mazowiecki. Between 1867-1871 Chelmonski studied at the Warsaw Drawing Class (School) and in the private studio of Wojciech Gerson. In 1872, he continued his studies at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts under H. Anschütz and A. Strähuber. He became familiar there with the milieu of the Polish 'Munich painters', notably Stanislaw Witkiewicz, Józef Brandt, Maksymilian Gierymski and Adam Chmielowski; he was admitted as member of the Kunstverein, with which he exhibited.?? Inspired by the way they perceived nature, he focused his attention upon his return to Poland on the pure landscape, noticing an important painterly theme in the horizontally stretched Mazowsze fields with the leaden sky hanging above them. He started searching for manifestations of God's presence in the changeability and harsh beauty of nature (Under Your Defence, 1906). Vast expanses of meadows strewn with spring blossoms, a dirt road running amid fields, surfaces of bogs, floods, and ponds shimmering with reflections of light - these are the most frequent motifs of Chelmonski's late work (Pond in Radziejowice, 1899; Spring. Marsh Marigolds, 1908). In some paintings from the period the artist goes beyond the boundaries of realism, expressing a pantheistic perception of the world (Partridges, 1891; Cross in Snowstorm, 1907). In a manner characteristic for the symbolists, the landscape was for Chelmonski but a starting point, a visual impulse inspiring a reflection on the sense of existence.
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