HÉRAULT CHARLES: (1644-1718)
HÉRAULT CHARLES: (1644-1718) French landscape painter. D.S., Hérault, one page (vellum), oblong 8vo, Paris, 15th January 1706, in French. The manuscript document is a receipt signed by Hérault, described as ´peintre ordinaire du Roy en son Académie Royalle de Peinture et Sculpture´ (Translation: ´Ordinary Painter to the King at the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture´) in which he acknowledges having received 50 livres for the first six months of the year 1706 ´à cause de cent livres de rente constituée sur les aydes et gabelles´ (Translation: ´in respect of an annuity of one hundred livres derived from the aydes and gabelles´). Signed by Hérault at the foot and also bearing two countersignatures. With an official circular ink stamp to the head. Rare. Some very light staining and minor age wear and with one very small hole to the centre, only slightly affecting one word of text. About VG
Under the French Ancien Régime , the aydes and gabelles were two of the most lucrative and deeply resented forms of indirect taxation, serving as primary symbols of royal fiscal oppression prior to the French Revolution. The aydes were excise taxes levied on consumer goods, most heavily targeting the production, transport, and sale of wine and spirits. The gabelle was a highly restrictive state monopoly and tax on salt, an absolute necessity for food preservation at the time. In many regions, citizens over the age of eight were legally forced to purchase a weekly minimum of highly inflated salt from royal storehouses. Both taxes were aggressively enforced by private tax farmers (the Ferme générale ), featured extreme regional inequalities and exemptions, and were ultimately abolished in 1790 during the early stages of the Revolution.
HÉRAULT CHARLES: (1644-1718) French landscape painter. D.S., Hérault, one page (vellum), oblong 8vo, Paris, 15th January 1706, in French. The manuscript document is a receipt signed by Hérault, described as ´peintre ordinaire du Roy en son Académie Royalle de Peinture et Sculpture´ (Translation: ´Ordinary Painter to the King at the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture´) in which he acknowledges having received 50 livres for the first six months of the year 1706 ´à cause de cent livres de rente constituée sur les aydes et gabelles´ (Translation: ´in respect of an annuity of one hundred livres derived from the aydes and gabelles´). Signed by Hérault at the foot and also bearing two countersignatures. With an official circular ink stamp to the head. Rare. Some very light staining and minor age wear and with one very small hole to the centre, only slightly affecting one word of text. About VG
Under the French Ancien Régime , the aydes and gabelles were two of the most lucrative and deeply resented forms of indirect taxation, serving as primary symbols of royal fiscal oppression prior to the French Revolution. The aydes were excise taxes levied on consumer goods, most heavily targeting the production, transport, and sale of wine and spirits. The gabelle was a highly restrictive state monopoly and tax on salt, an absolute necessity for food preservation at the time. In many regions, citizens over the age of eight were legally forced to purchase a weekly minimum of highly inflated salt from royal storehouses. Both taxes were aggressively enforced by private tax farmers (the Ferme générale ), featured extreme regional inequalities and exemptions, and were ultimately abolished in 1790 during the early stages of the Revolution.
