Luristan Copper Zebu Bull Figure

**First Time At Auction**

Ancient Near East, northwestern Iran, Luristan, ca. 1000 to 600 BCE. An intriguing cast copper sculpture of a zebu bull standing with a long flat body, four straight legs, an elongated neck, a conical snout, and two large sweeping curved horns. A lovely minimalist design, the sculpture also features a small hump with a circular hole, likely a suspension loop, and a prominent tail arching downwards. The zebu is a domesticated form of the Asian aurochs which became prevalent through selective breeding during the time of the ancient Indus Valley civilizations. A rich green patina envelops the entire figure evoking the ancient mysteries of a past culture. Size: 1.75" L x 1.375" W (4.4 cm x 3.5 cm); 2.75" H (7 cm) on included custom stand.

Ancient Luristan, a region of mountains and plains, is renowned for its highly advanced bronze work, much of which was buried as grave goods. The affluent group in Luristan society that patronized the metalworking industry and purchased decorative items like this were nomadic horsemen. They would travel into towns and purchase bronze and iron objects from craftsmen there. Although these horsemen were pre-literate, we know from the records of the Elamites and other southern neighbors that they were mercenaries in the constant warfare between the Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Elamites. Their horses were their livelihood, and they seem to have ornamented them as beautifully as they ornamented themselves. The bulls would have served of symbols of virility and power.

Provenance: ex Estate of Eldert Bontekoe, Pegasi Numismatics, Ann Arbor, Michigan USA acquired before 2000

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#157975
Condition Report: Two small white collection labels on base. Expected surface wear commensurate with age, including minor abrasions and a lovely green patina. Otherwise intact and excellent.