Medieval Iron Caltrop Group

14th-16th century A.D. Most with the usual four spikes, with arrow-shaped heads. 161 grams total, 45-65 mm (1 3/4 - 2 1/2 in.). Acquired 1990s-early 2000s. East Anglian private collection. Caltrops were scattered on battlefields in an effort to stop or slow advancing enemy cavalry or foot soldiers; regardless of how a caltrop lands, one spike is always facing upwards. [13]