Woodward Original Early Drawing of Permian Marine Life
WOODWARD, Alice B. (1862-1951).
Permian Marine Life (Amblypterus, Palaeoniscus, Shizodus, Productus, Acentrophorus, Phillipsia, Crinoid, Platysomus, Ammonoid, Lampshell, Polyzoan).
Original Illustration in pen, ink and grey wash, heightened in white.
c.1905-1912.
10 1/2" x 7 1/4" sheet.
Original artwork for Henry R. Knipe's "Evolution in the Past". Illustrated on page 64.
1. Amblypterus is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish.
2. Palaeoniscum is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish from the Permian period of Europe (England, Germany, Czech Republic, Turkey), North America (Greenland), and possibly other regions. The genus was named Palaeoniscum in 1818 by Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, but was later misspelled as Palaeoniscus by Blainville and other authors (notably Louis Agassiz). Palaeoniscum belongs to the family Palaeoniscidae.
3. Schizodus is an extinct genus of shallow marine clams. It lived from the Silurian to Early Jurassic periods. Schizodus is the exemplar of schizodonts, clams having reverse V-shaped scissurate hinge teeth, and often an elongated lateral tooth.
4. Productus is a genus of extinct articulate brachiopods characteristic of Carboniferous and Permian strata, lacking a pedicle but often anchored by spines on the shell, and including the largest known brachiopods some of which (as P. giganteus) attain a width of one foot.
5. Acentrophorus is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish from the Permian and Triassic periods. Fossils have been found in Australia, Germany and the United Kingdom. It was the oldest known neopterygian.
6. Phillipsia is a genus of fungi in the family Sarcoscyphaceae. There are about 17 species in the genus, which collectively have a widespread distribution in subtropical and tropical areas.
7. Crinoids are marine animals that make up the class Crinoidea, one of the classes of the phylum Echinodermata, which also includes the starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins and sea cucumbers. Glyptocrinus is an extinct genus of sea lily that lived from the Middle Ordovician to the Early Silurian (471.8 - 436.0 Ma). Its remains have been found in North America.
8. Platysomus is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish that lived in the Carboniferous and Permian periods. Fossils have been found worldwide. Platysomus was about 18 centimeters (7.1 in) long, and shaped similarly to the discus fish, having the same flattened body and elongated dorsal and anal fins. Its jaws were placed vertically under the braincase, giving it a wide gape. Platysomus is thought to have fed on plankton, and lived in both fresh and saltwater.
9. Ammonoids are a group of extinct marine mollusk animals in the subclass Ammonoidea of the class Cephalopoda. These mollusks, commonly referred to as ammonites, are more closely related to living coleoids (i.e., octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish) than they are to shelled nautiloids such as the living Nautilus species. The earliest ammonites appear during the Devonian, and the last species vanished in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.
10. Often known as "lamp shells", since the curved shells of the class Terebratulida resemble pottery oil-lamps, Brachiopods are a group of lophotrochozoan animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve mollusks. Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear end, while the front can be opened for feeding or closed for protection. The word "brachiopod" is formed from the Ancient Greek words brachion ("arm") and podos ("foot").
11. Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) are a phylum of simple, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary colonies. Typically about 0.5 millimeters (1⁄64 inch) long, they have a special feeding structure called a lophophore, a "crown" of tentacles used for filter feeding. Most marine bryozoans live in tropical waters, but a few are found in oceanic trenches and polar waters. The terms "Polyzoa" and "Bryozoa" were introduced a year apart, in 1830 and 1831 respectively. Soon after it was named, another group of animals was discovered whose filtering mechanism looked similar, so it was included in Bryozoa until 1869, when the two groups were noted to be very different internally. The new group was given the name "Entoprocta", while the original Bryozoa were called "Ectoprocta". Disagreements about terminology persisted well into the 20th Century, but "Bryozoa" is now the generally accepted term.
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WOODWARD, Alice B. (1862-1951).
Permian Marine Life (Amblypterus, Palaeoniscus, Shizodus, Productus, Acentrophorus, Phillipsia, Crinoid, Platysomus, Ammonoid, Lampshell, Polyzoan).
Original Illustration in pen, ink and grey wash, heightened in white.
c.1905-1912.
10 1/2" x 7 1/4" sheet.
Original artwork for Henry R. Knipe's "Evolution in the Past". Illustrated on page 64.
1. Amblypterus is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish.
2. Palaeoniscum is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish from the Permian period of Europe (England, Germany, Czech Republic, Turkey), North America (Greenland), and possibly other regions. The genus was named Palaeoniscum in 1818 by Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, but was later misspelled as Palaeoniscus by Blainville and other authors (notably Louis Agassiz). Palaeoniscum belongs to the family Palaeoniscidae.
3. Schizodus is an extinct genus of shallow marine clams. It lived from the Silurian to Early Jurassic periods. Schizodus is the exemplar of schizodonts, clams having reverse V-shaped scissurate hinge teeth, and often an elongated lateral tooth.
4. Productus is a genus of extinct articulate brachiopods characteristic of Carboniferous and Permian strata, lacking a pedicle but often anchored by spines on the shell, and including the largest known brachiopods some of which (as P. giganteus) attain a width of one foot.
5. Acentrophorus is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish from the Permian and Triassic periods. Fossils have been found in Australia, Germany and the United Kingdom. It was the oldest known neopterygian.
6. Phillipsia is a genus of fungi in the family Sarcoscyphaceae. There are about 17 species in the genus, which collectively have a widespread distribution in subtropical and tropical areas.
7. Crinoids are marine animals that make up the class Crinoidea, one of the classes of the phylum Echinodermata, which also includes the starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins and sea cucumbers. Glyptocrinus is an extinct genus of sea lily that lived from the Middle Ordovician to the Early Silurian (471.8 - 436.0 Ma). Its remains have been found in North America.
8. Platysomus is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish that lived in the Carboniferous and Permian periods. Fossils have been found worldwide. Platysomus was about 18 centimeters (7.1 in) long, and shaped similarly to the discus fish, having the same flattened body and elongated dorsal and anal fins. Its jaws were placed vertically under the braincase, giving it a wide gape. Platysomus is thought to have fed on plankton, and lived in both fresh and saltwater.
9. Ammonoids are a group of extinct marine mollusk animals in the subclass Ammonoidea of the class Cephalopoda. These mollusks, commonly referred to as ammonites, are more closely related to living coleoids (i.e., octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish) than they are to shelled nautiloids such as the living Nautilus species. The earliest ammonites appear during the Devonian, and the last species vanished in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.
10. Often known as "lamp shells", since the curved shells of the class Terebratulida resemble pottery oil-lamps, Brachiopods are a group of lophotrochozoan animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve mollusks. Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear end, while the front can be opened for feeding or closed for protection. The word "brachiopod" is formed from the Ancient Greek words brachion ("arm") and podos ("foot").
11. Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) are a phylum of simple, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary colonies. Typically about 0.5 millimeters (1⁄64 inch) long, they have a special feeding structure called a lophophore, a "crown" of tentacles used for filter feeding. Most marine bryozoans live in tropical waters, but a few are found in oceanic trenches and polar waters. The terms "Polyzoa" and "Bryozoa" were introduced a year apart, in 1830 and 1831 respectively. Soon after it was named, another group of animals was discovered whose filtering mechanism looked similar, so it was included in Bryozoa until 1869, when the two groups were noted to be very different internally. The new group was given the name "Entoprocta", while the original Bryozoa were called "Ectoprocta". Disagreements about terminology persisted well into the 20th Century, but "Bryozoa" is now the generally accepted term.
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